The Tsuchigumo are literally "earth spiders". In Japanese mythology, Tsuchigumo were spider-limbed monsters. Tsuchigumo were evidently based on one of the groups of people inhabiting Japan.
Devil Summoner: Raidou Kuzunoha vs. The Soulless Army
"A wild god shaped like a giant spider, which was said to have lived in Mt. Katsuragi. Originally a native of the land who lived in a hole after its tribe was defeated by the Imperial Court."
—Shin Megami Tensei: Devil Summoner: Raidou Kuzunoha vs The Soulless Army Devil Chart
A Tsuchigumo kidnaps Rin in order to distract Raidou Kuzunoha the XIV. Raidou travels to the Dark Realm and fights three Tsuchigumo to save her. This is the first boss fight in the game.
Shin Megami Tensei IV
A Tsuchigumo is summoned by one of the Ashura-kai men in front of the elevator that leads to the Counter-Demon Force Base at Kagsumigaseki. The spider demons defeat leads the men who summoned it to flee.