Elemental Spells

Agi Family

 * Fire 火炎 elemental family.
 * Generally effective against Bufu (ice) elemental unit.

general spell

 * Agi, word probably came from the fire god or noun of fire in Sanskrit - Agni.

Digital Devil Saga series specific

 * Trisagion (thrice Holy) is a standard hymn of the Orthodox Christian Divine Liturgy.
 * Pyriphlegethon was a fire river in underworld of Greek mythology.

Bufu Family

 * Ice 氷結 elemental family.
 * Generally effective against Agi (fire) elemental unit.
 * Rarely causing frozen effect, immobilizes the target for a short time and 100% inflicts critical effect with physical hit regardless of the target's physical affinity.

general spell

 * In Persona 2, Mabufu- spells were omitted.
 * The Sanskrit phrase at the root bRhattuhinazarkara, means "full of great lumps of ice."

Digital Devil Saga series specific

 * Cocytus, meaning river of wailing was the river in the underworld on the banks in Greek mythology.
 * Niflheim, meaning land of mists is the realm of ice and cold in Norse mythology. Ruled by Hel.

Zan Family

 * Force 衝擊 elemental family.
 * Generally effective against Tera (earth) elemental unit.

general spell

 * In Persona 2, Zan- spells do almighty elemental damage; Mazan- spells were omitted.

Digital Devil Saga series specific

 * Vayavya, meaning "north-west" in Sanskrit, is the direction which the god of air Vayu rules in the formation of "Guardian of the directions".

Zio Family

 * Electric 電擊 elemental family.
 * Generally effective against Zan (force) elemental unit.
 * Rarely causing electric shock effect, immobilizes the target for a short time and 100% inflicts critical effect with physical hit if the target has no physical immunity.

general spell

 * In Persona 2, Mazio- spells were omitted.

Digital Devil Saga series specific

 * Narukami 鳴神 is the god of thunder in Shintoism.
 * Mount Meru is a sacred mountain in Hindu and Buddhist mythology considered to be the center of the universe.

Tera Family

 * Digital Devil Saga series only earth / seismic 地変 elemental family.
 * Generally effective against Zio (electric) elemental unit but nullified by Aereal demons.

general spell

 * Tera, word probably shortened from the Roman Goddess of Earth - Terra, the various name of Earth and Gaia as her Greek counterpart.

specific spell

 * Titanomachia, or Titanomachy, meaning the war of Titans in Greek mythology.

Magna Family

 * Persona series only earth / seismic 地変 elemental family.

Garu Family

 * Persona series only wind / gale 疾風 elemental family.

Aqua Family

 * Persona series only water / hydropower 水擊 elemental family.

Frei Family

 * Persona series only nuclear 核熱 elemental family.

Gry Family

 * Persona series only group-damage almighty 重力 elemental family.

Psy Family

 * Devil Summoner series only psycho 念動 elemental family, does psychological damage.

Hama Family

 * Hama 破魔 elemental family, does holy / expellant fatal damage.
 * Generally effective against Foul and Haunt unit.
 * In Digital Devil Saga series, Hama spells become HP dividing attack rather than fatal.
 * Human form (even in Berserk mode) has the immunity against Hama spells inherently.

general spell

 * Hama 破魔 is the exorcism concept in Shintoism.

Shin Megami Tensei Nocturne specific

 * Holy Wrath 天罰 did almighty damage to oppsite alignment(Law-N-Chaos) target in former games rather than Hama elemental.

Digital Devil Saga series specific

 * Xanadu might be picked from Samuel Taylor Coleridge's poem Kubla Khan, a legendary palace.
 * Seraphic Lore is a reference to the celestial beings of that order.

Persona 2 series specific

 * Hieros Glupaine is the Egyptian holy glyph.

Mudo Family

 * The Mudo 呪殺 elemental family, does (cursed) death fatal damage.
 * Generally effective against Angel / Divine unit.

Megido Family

 * Megido family, does almighty 万能 elemental damage.

general spell

 * Megido is a shortened spelling of Megiddo. Har Megido (Mount Megiddo) is the place described in the Bible where Armageddon will take place.